Isaac Newton – Developed the laws of motion and universal gravitation.
Albert Einstein – Developed the theory of relativity and revolutionized modern physics.
Galileo Galilei – Advanced the scientific method and improved telescopic observations.
James Clerk Maxwell – Formulated the equations describing electricity, magnetism, and light.
Niels Bohr – Helped develop early quantum theory and the atomic model.
Richard Feynman – Made major contributions to quantum electrodynamics and particle physics.
Marie Curie – Pioneered research on radioactivity and discovered polonium and radium.
Dmitri Mendeleev – Created the first widely accepted periodic table of elements.
Antoine Lavoisier – Known as the father of modern chemistry and identified oxygen’s role in combustion.
Linus Pauling – Made important discoveries in chemical bonding and molecular structure.
Charles Darwin – Developed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
Gregor Mendel – Discovered the basic laws of genetics through pea plant experiments.
Louis Pasteur – Demonstrated that microorganisms cause disease and developed pasteurization.
Rosalind Franklin – Produced key images that helped reveal the structure of DNA.
Jane Goodall – Known for groundbreaking research on chimpanzee behavior.
Astronomy & Space Science
Nicolaus Copernicus – Proposed the heliocentric model where Earth orbits the Sun.
Edwin Hubble – Discovered that galaxies exist beyond the Milky Way and that the universe is expanding.
Carl Sagan – Popularized astronomy and planetary science through books and television.
Stephen Hawking – Known for research on black holes and cosmology.
Alan Turing – Helped create the foundations of computer science and artificial intelligence.
Katherine Johnson – Calculated trajectories that helped enable early U.S. space missions.
Jennifer Doudna – Co-developed CRISPR gene-editing technology.